The Lexicographic Treatment of the Demonstrative Copulative in Sesotho sa Leboa ? An Exercise in Multiple Cross-referencing

Abstract

Abstract: In this research article an in-depth investigation is presented of the lexicographictreatment of the demonstrative copulative (DC) in Sesotho sa Leboa. This one case study serves asan example to illustrate the so-called 'paradigmatic lemmatisation' of closed-class words in theAfrican languages. The need for such an approach follows a discussion, in Sections 1 and 2 respectively,of the present and missing directions in African-language metalexicography. A theoreticalconspectus of the DC in Sesotho sa Leboa is then offered in Section 3, while Section 4 examines thetreatment of the DC in the four existing desktop dictionaries for this language. The outcomes fromthe two latter sections are then used in Section 5, which analyses the problems of and options for asound lexicographic treatment of the DC in bilingual and monolingual dictionaries. The next twosections proceed with a review of the practical implementation of the DC lemmatisation suggestionsin PyaSsaL, i.e. the Pukuntšutlhaloši ya Sesotho sa Leboa 'Explanatory Sesotho sa Leboa Dictionary'— with Section 6 focussing on the hardcopy and Section 7 on the online version. In the process,the very first fully monolingual African-language dictionary on the Internet is introduced. Section8, finally, concludes briefly.Keywords: LEXICOGRAPHY, PARADIGMATIC LEMMATISATION, AFRICAN LANGUAGES,SESOTHO SA LEBOA (NORTHERN SOTHO, SEPEDI), DEMONSTRATIVE COPULATIVE,CROSS-REFERENCING, CORPUS, MONOLINGUAL DICTIONARY, BILINGUAL DICTIONARY, HARDCOPY, ONLINE, INTERNET, EXPLANATORY SESOTHO SA LEBOA DICTIONARY(PYASSAL), SIMULTANEOUS FEEDBACK (SF)Senaganwa: Tokelotlhalošo ya lešalašupi-leba ka mo pukuntšung ya Sesothosa Leboa — Tirišo ka go šupana go gontši. Ka go sengwalwana se sa nyakišišo,nyakišišo yeo e tseneletšego e laetšwa ka ga go lokelwa le go hlalošwa ga lešalašupi-leba ka mopukuntšung ya Sesotho sa Leboa. Thutwana ya mohuta wo ya nyakišišo e šoma bjalo ka mohlalago laetša seo se bitšwago 'tokelo ya mantšu ka lenaneo' (paradigmatic lemmatisation) ya mantšu alegoro leo le tswaletšwego ka go maleme a Afrika. Tlhokego ya nyakišišo ya mohuta wo e tla kamorago ga therišano ya ditaetšo tša gonabjale le tšeo di sego gona ka go tlhamopukuntšu ya teoriya maleme a Afrika. Ditaba tše di hlalošwa ka go dikarolo 1 le 2. Tlhalošo ya teori ya lešalašupilebaka go Sesotho sa Leboa e fiwa ka go karolo 3, mola karolo 4 e hlahloba tokelo le tlhalošo yalešalašupi-leba ka go dipukuntšu tše nne tšeo di lego gona mo polelong ye. Dipoelo tša dikarolo 3le 4 di šomišwa karolong ya 5, yeo e sekasekago mathata le dikgonego tša tokelotlhalošo yalešalašupi-leba ka go dipukuntšu tša polelopedi le tša polelotee. Dikarolo tše pedi tšeo di latelagodi tšwela pele ka tekolo tirišong ya dikakanyetšo tša tšhomišo ya lešalašupi-leba ka go PyaSsaL, elego Pukuntšutlhaloši ya Sesotho sa Leboa. Karolo 6 e lebane le taodišwana ya pampiri mola karolo 7 elebane le taodišwana ya Inthanete. Ka go dira bjalo, pukuntšu ya mathomothomo ya polelotee yamaleme a Afrika e tsebagatšwa mo Inthaneteng. Mafelelong karolo 8 e fa kakaretšo ka bokopana.Mantšu a bohlokwa: TLHAMOPUKUNTŠU, TOKELO YA MANTŠU KA LENANEO,MALEME A AFRIKA, SESOTHO SA LEBOA, LEŠALAŠUPI-LEBA, TŠHUPANO, KHOPHASE,PUKUNTŠU YA POLELOTEE, PUKUNTŠU YA POLELOPEDI, PUKUNTŠU YA PAMPIRI, KAGO INTHANETE, INTHANETE, PUKUNTŠUTLHALOŠI YA SESOTHO SA LEBOA (PYASSAL),SIMULTANEOUS FEEDBACK (SF)