A Systematic Literature Review of Over Three Decades of Dictionary Use Research in Lexikos

Abstract

This study presents a systematic literature review of empirical research on dictionary use published in the journal Lexikos over its 35-volume history (1991–2025). The paper employs the PRISMA methodology. Based on 44 relevant studies identified, the review analyses trends in research focus, methodology, educational context, geographic distribution, and investigated languages. Findings reveal a growing interest in dictionary use, particularly since 2012, with a strong emphasis on English-language contexts and higher education. Methodologically, mixed-methods and cross-sectional designs dominate, while longitudinal research remains notably absent. Asia and Europe are the most represented regions, although studies span diverse global contexts. The review highlights underexplored areas such as primary education, non-English dictionary use, and longitudinal perspectives. The review also calls for future research that addresses these gaps, explores dictionary use at different language proficiency levels, and examines the pedagogical integration of digital dictionary tools. The findings provide valuable insights for researchers aiming to investigate dictionary use and dictionary-based learning. Keywords: dictionary use, systematic review, user behaviour, PRISMA, methodology, Lexikos, language education, empirical studies, quantitative research, qualitative research, mixed methods research